## Spacing

Bootstrap includes a wide range of shorthand responsive margin, padding, and gap utility classes to modify an element’s appearance.

Spacing on Bootstrap

### Margin and padding

Assign responsive-friendly margin or padding values to an element or a subset of its sides with shorthand classes. Includes support for individual properties, all properties, and vertical and horizontal properties. Classes are built from a default Sass map ranging from .25rem to 3rem.

Using the CSS Grid layout module? Consider using the gap utility

### Notations

Spacing utilities that apply to all breakpoints, from `xs` to `xxl`, have no breakpoint abbreviation in them. This is because those classes are applied from `min-width: 0` and up, and thus are not bound by a media query. The remaining breakpoints, however, do include a breakpoint abbreviation.

The classes are named using the format `{property}{sides}-{size}` for `xs` and `{property}{sides}-{breakpoint}-{size}` for `sm`,`md`,`lg`,`xl` and `xxl`.

Whereproperty is one of:

- `m` - for classes that set `margin`
- `p` - for classes that set `padding`

Wheresides is one of:

- `t` - for classes that set `margin-top` or `padding-top`
- `b` - for classes that set `margin-bottom` or `padding-bottom`
- `s` - for classes that set `margin-left` or `padding-left`
- `e` - for classes that set `margin-right` or `padding-right`
- `x` - for classes that set both `*-left` and `*-right`
- `y` - for classes that set both `*-top` and `*-bottom`
- blank - for classes that set a `margin` or `padding` on all 4 sides of the element

Wheresize is one of: `0`,`1`,`2`,`3`,`4`,`5`,`6`,`7`,`8`,`9`,`10`,`11` & `auto`

### Examples

Here are some representative examples of these classes:

    .mt-0 {
    margin-top: 0 !important;
    }

    .ms-1 {
    margin-left: ($spacer * .25) !important;
    }

    .px-2 {
    padding-left: ($spacer * .5) !important;
    padding-right: ($spacer * .5) !important;
    }

    .p-3 {
    padding: $spacer !important;
    }

#### Horizontal centering

Additionally, Bootstrap also includes an `.mx-auto` class for horizontally centering fixed-width block level content—that is, content that has `display: block` and `a width` set—by setting the horizontal margins to `auto`.

    <div class="mx-auto bg-body-highlight" style="width: 200px;">Centered element</div>

Centered element

### Negative margins

In CSS, `margin` properties can utilize negative values (`padding` cannot). These negative margins are disabled by default, but can be enabled in Sass by setting `$enable-negative-margins: true`. The syntax is nearly the same as the default, positive margin utilities, but with the addition of `n` before the requested size. Here’s an example class that’s the opposite of `.mt-1`:

    .mt-n1 {
    margin-top: -0.25rem !important;
    }

#### Gap

When using `display: grid`, you can make use of `gap` utilities on the parent grid container. This can save on having to add margin utilities to individual grid items (children of a `display: grid` container). Gap utilities are responsive by default, and are generated via our utilities API, based on the `$spacers` Sass map.

    <div class="d-grid gap-3">
      <div class="p-2 bg-body-highlight border border-translucent">Grid item 1</div>
      <div class="p-2 bg-body-highlight border border-translucent">Grid item 2</div>
      <div class="p-2 bg-body-highlight border border-translucent">Grid item 3</div>
    </div>

Grid item 1
Grid item 2
Grid item 3

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